Phosphates Transfer in Pristine and Modified CJMA-2 Membrane during Electrodialysis Processing of NaxH(3−x)PO4 Solutions with pH from 4.5 to 9.9

Phosphate recovery from different second streams using electrodialysis (ED) is a promising step to nutrients circular economy. However, the relatively low ED performance hinders widespread adoption of this environmentally sound method. The formation “bonded species” between phosphates and weakly basic fixed groups (primary secondary amines) anion exchange membrane can be cause decrease in current efficiency increase energy consumption. processing NaxH(3−x)PO4 alkaline solutions use intense modes promote bipolar junction negatively charged bound species positively groups. This phenomenon causes change shape current–voltage curves, resistance, an enhancement proton generation during long-term operation anion-exchange with Shielding primary amines modifier containing quaternary ammonium bases significantly improves solution pH 4.5. Indeed, limiting underlimiting modes, 40% are recovered 1.3 times faster, consumption reduced by 1.9 case modified compared pristine one. Studies were performed new commercial CJMA-2.